Construção de procedimento operacional padrão como ferramenta facilitadora de gestão em saúde em uma faculdade de odontologia / Construction of standard operating procedure as a facilitating tool for health management in a school of dentistry / Construcción de procedimiento operativo estándar como herramienta facilitadora para la gestión en salud en una facultad de odontología

O Procedimento Operacional Padrão é uma relevante ferramenta de gestão para otimizar o processo de trabalho dentro da perspectiva da resolutividade definida nos princípios do Sistema Único de Saúde.Objetivo:elaborar um Procedimento Operacional Padrãopara estandardizar o funcionamento do fluxo de materiais do almoxarifado da Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade Federal do Pará. Metodologia:Estudo descritivo que propôs a criação de uma ferramenta de tecnologia leve dividido em três etapas: aprofundamento teórico, elaboração e refinamento. Resultados:A equipe envolvida no processo de trabalho da unidade de saúde colaborou com a construção do instrumento, favorecendo o estabelecimento de vínculo e assertividade. O Procedimento Operacional Padrãoelaborado constitui subsídio para organização do fluxo com o objetivo de esclarecer, facilitar e padronizar o uso do almoxarifado, promovendo estratégias de uso adequado no manejo dos materiais e a racionalização dos mesmos, com a finalidade de tirar máximo proveito e reduzir custos. Conclusões:A elaboração da ferramenta promoveu aprimoramento do processo de trabalho no manejo dos materiais e equipamentos odontológicos. A participação dos sujeitos envolvidos gerou fortalecimento do vínculo e co-responsabilização (AU).

The Standard Operating Procedure is a relevant management tool to optimizethe work processwithin the perspective of resolution as defined in the Unified Health Systemprinciples.Objective:to elaborate a Standard Operating Procedureto standardize the flow use of materials in the storeroom of the College of Dentistry of the Federal University of Pará.Methodology:Descriptive study which proposed the creation of a soft technology tool divided into three stages: theoretical deepening, elaboration and refinement. Results:The team involved in the health center'swork process collaborated with the development of the instrument, promoting the establishment of bonding and assertiveness. The elaborated Standard Operating Procedureconstitutes subsidy for the organization of the flow with the goal of clarifying, facilitating and standardizing the use of the storeroom, promoting strategies of adequate use in the handling of materials and the rationalization of them, in order to take full advantage and reduce costs. Conclusions:The tool elaborationpromoted the improvement of the work process in the handling of dental materials and equipment. The participation of the health center's team strengthened the bond and co-responsibility (AU).

El Procedimiento Operativo Estándar es una herramienta de gestiónrelevante para optimizar el proceso de trabajo en la perspectiva de resolución definida en los principios del Sistema Único de Salud.Objetivo: desarrollar un Procedimiento Operativo Estándarpara estandarizar el flujo de materiales en el almacén de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad Federal de Pará. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo que propuso la creación de una herramienta de tecnología liviana dividida en tres etapas: profundización teórica, elaboración y refinamiento. Resultados: El equipo involucrado en el proceso de trabajo delaunidad de saludcolaboró con la construcción del instrumento, favoreciendo el establecimiento de un vínculoe asertividad. El Procedimiento Operativo Estándarelaboradoconstituyesubsidio para la organización del flujo con el objetivo de aclarar, facilitar y estandarizar el uso del almacén, promover estrategias de uso adecuado en el manejo de los materiales y la racionalización de los mismos, con el fin de aprovechar al máximo y reducir los costos.Conclusiones: La elaboración de la herramienta promovió la mejora del proceso de trabajo en el manejo de materiales y equipos odontológicos. La participación de los sujetos involucrados fortaleció el vínculo y la corresponsabilidad (AU).

Percepção do acadêmico de enfermagem acerca do procedimento de coleta do material do exame Papanicolau / Perception of the nursing student about the procedure for collecting the material of Papanicolaou exam

Objetivos: analisar a percepção do acadêmico de enfermagem acerca do procedimento de coleta do material do exame Papanicolau durante a formação profissional na Atenção Primária à Saúde. Metodos: trata-se de um estudo descritivo, transversal, de abordagem qualitativa, realizado com 14 acadêmicos de enfermagem com idade entre 20 a 28 anos. Os dados foram coletados no período de agosto a setembro de 2021, por meio de uma entrevista semiestruturada e analisada mediante análise temática. Resultados: os acadêmicos reconhecem a importância da realização do procedimento da coleta do material Papanicolau durante a formação acadêmica; porém, há dificuldades em relação à adesão das mulheres devido à resistência em realizar o procedimento com estagiário, pela falta de confiança originada do medo e a vergonha em se submeter ao exame, sentimentos que se acentuam quando o estudante é do sexo masculino. Para enfrentar tais dificuldades, relataram estratégias de conscientização da importância em realizar o exame, além de buscar transmitirem segurança em sua abordagem e manterem postura ética e técnica durante a realização do procedimento. Conclusão: é preciso difundir as informações quanto à importância do procedimento, estabelecer vínculo e constante mobilização das mulheres para a realização do Papanicolau. Assim, os acadêmicos, enquanto profissionais em formação, são fortes aliados para a sensibilização do público e a intensificação das ações ofertadas.

Objectives: to analyze the perception of nursing students about the procedure for collecting material from the Pap smear during professional training in Primary Health Care. Methods: this is a descriptive, cross-sectional study with a qualitative approach conducted with 14 nursing students aged between 20 and 28. Data were collected from August to September 2021 through a semi-structured interview and analyzed using Thematic Analysis. Results: academics recognize the importance of performing the Pap smear collection procedure during academic training, but there are difficulties concerning the adhesion of women due to resistance to performing the procedure with an intern, the lack of confidence arising from fear and shame in undergoing the exam, feelings that are accentuated when the student is male. To face these difficulties, strategies were reported to raise awareness of the importance of performing the exam, besides transmitting safety in their approach and maintaining an ethical and technical posture during the procedure. Conclusion: it is necessary to disseminate information about the importance of the procedure, establish a bond, and constant mobilization of women to perform the Pap smear. Thus, academics, as professionals in training, are strong allies for public awareness and intensification of the actions offered.

Efetividade de vitamina D para rinite alérgica: sinopse baseada em evidências / Vitamin D effectiveness for allergic rhinitis: evidence-based synopsis

Contexto: A suplementação de vitamina é considerada na prevenção de muitas doenças, incluindo a rinite alérgica, cuja prevalência tem aumentado nos últimos anos, impactando a saúde pública. Objetivo: Avaliar a efetividade da suplementação de vitamina D para a prevenção e o tratamento da rinite alérgica. Material e Métodos: Trata-se de sinopse baseada em evidências. Procedeu-se à busca por estudos que associavam a vitamina D à rinite alérgica em três bases eletrônicas de dados: Cochrane - Central de Registros de Ensaios Clínicos - CENTRAL (2022), PubMed (1966-2022) e Portal BVS (1982-2022) e no megabuscador de evidências TRIPDATABASE (2022). Dois pesquisadores independentemente extraíram os dados e avaliaram a qualidade dos estudos para a síntese. O desfecho primário de análise envolveu a redução de crises de rinite. Resultados: Foram encontrados 125 estudos. Cinco estudos (três ensaios clínicos randomizados e dois coortes) foram incluídos. Discussão: A literatura apresenta poucos estudos relacionando vitamina D e rinite alérgica. Os estudos em humanos são ensaios clínicos de baixa amostragem e elevada heterogeneidade, que avaliaram efetividade da suplementação de vitamina D para redução de sintomas da rinite. Os dois estudos coorte encontrados não estabeleceram relação entre a exposição à vitamina D e menor manifestação de doença alérgica. O nível de evidência é muito baixo e não permite, nesse momento, aferir a efetividade da vitamina D para essa finalidade. Conclusões: Não há evidência de efetividade da suplementação de vitamina D para tratamento e prevenção da rinite alérgica, sendo recomendada a realização de novos estudos de boa qualidade metodológica.

Accesibilidad en la alimentación en personas mayores / Accessibility in food for older people / Acessibilidade alimentar em idosos

La alimentación adecuada es un derecho humano que contribuye a una buena calidad de vida de las personas y uno de sus componentes básicos es la accesibilidad. En el Plan de cuidados de Enfermería, se valora el proceso de envejecimiento y las modificaciones que éste genera pudiendo contribuir a situaciones de vulnerabilidad desde el punto de vista nutricional. La accesibilidad a la alimentación se puede ver afectada por diferentes factores, como es el acceso físico, alimentos suficientes y adecuados, y las dificultades económicas. El objetivo fue conocer la accesibilidad en la alimentación de personas mayores (65 años y más) que residen en complejos habitacionales para jubilados y pensionistas. Se realizó un estudio de tipo cuantitativo de corte transversal. La recolección de los datos se llevó a cabo en tres complejos habitacionales para jubilados y pensionistas, seleccionados dos de ellos en la ciudad de Montevideo y uno en la ciudad de Rivera. La muestra estuvo conformada por 68 personas (69% de los residentes) que residen en los complejos.Los resultados demuestran que un 18% de esta población tiene dificultades en la accesibilidad en la alimentación, las causas fueron la falta de dinero en un 70% y un 30% por problema en la movilidad. Es reconocido en Uruguay el derecho a la alimentación y en generar políticas públicas y programas que contribuyan a satisfacer esta necesidad vital y garantizar el acceso a la misma, en grupos de población vulnerables como puede ser en las personas mayores.

Adequate food is a human right that contributes to a good quality of life for people and one of its basic components is accessibility. In the Nursing Care Plan, the aging process and the changes it generates are valued and may contribute to situations of vulnerability from the nutritional point of view. Accessibility to food can be affected by different factors, such as physical access, sufficient and adequate food, and economic difficulties. The objective was to know the accessibility in food of older people (65 years and over) who reside in housing complexes for retirees and pensioners. A quantitative cross-sectional study was carried out. Data collection was carried out in three housing complexes for retirees and pensioners, two of them selected in the city of Montevideo and one in the city of Rivera. The sample consisted of 68 people (69% of the residents) who reside in the complexes. The results show that 18% of this population has difficulties in food accessibility, the causes were lack of money in 70% and 30% due to mobility problems. The right to food is recognized in Uruguay and to generate public policies and programs that contribute to satisfying this vital need and guaranteeing access to it, in vulnerable population groups such as the elderly.

A alimentação adequada é um direito humano que contribui para uma boa qualidade de vida das pessoas e um de seus componentes básicos é a acessibilidade. No Plano de Assistência de Enfermagem, o processo de envelhecimento e as mudanças que ele gera são valorizados e podem contribuir para situações de vulnerabilidade do ponto de vista nutricional. A acessibilidade aos alimentos pode ser afetada por diversos fatores, como acesso físico, alimentação suficiente e adequada e dificuldades econômicas. O objetivo foi conhecer a acessibilidade na alimentação de pessoas idosas (65 anos ou mais) que residem em conjuntos habitacionais para aposentados e pensionistas. Foi realizado um estudo quantitativo transversal. A coleta de dados foi realizada em três conjuntos habitacionais para aposentados e pensionistas, dois deles selecionados na cidade de Montevidéu e um nacidade de Rivera. A amostra foi composta por 68 pessoas (69% dos moradores) que residem nos complexos. Os resultados mostram que 18% dessa população tem dificuldades na acessibilidade alimentar, as causas foram falta de dinheiro em 70% e 30% por problemas de locomoção. O direito à alimentação é reconhecido no Uruguai e para gerar políticas e programas públicos que contribuam para satisfazer esta necessidade vital e garantir o acesso a ela, em grupos populacionais vulneráveis como os idosos.

Selamento de perfuração com técnica de inserção modificada do MTA: relato de caso clínico / Drilling seals rig with a modified MTA insertion technique: clinical case report

O presente artigo tem como objetivo relatar um caso clínico de selamento de perfuração com uma técnica de inserção modificada do MTA. Após a anestesia, foi realizado o isolamento absoluto do dente e remoção do material presente na câmara, com o auxílio do inserto ultrassônico Smart X 1. Realizada a limpeza da perfuração utilizando hipoclorito de sódio e modelagem do canal com o instrumento rotatório, a obturação foi concebida com cone de guta percha e cimento AHPlus. Com broca Gates Glidden #3 foi removida a guta percha até o nível da perfuração. Em seguida, 5 mg de MTA branco foi manipulado, de acordo com recomendações do fabricante usando água destilada na proporção 1:1 e inserido na canaleta de uma régua endodôntica. Com o auxílio do instrumento de RHEM o material foi removido da canaleta e inserido na perfuração, concluindo o vedamento da mesma. Conclui-se neste caso clínico que o selamento de perfuração com MTA obteve sucesso clínico e radiográfico, utilizando a técnica de inserção com MTA modificada(AU)

This article aims to report a clinical case of sealing drilling rig with a modified MTA insertion technique. After anesthesia, the absolute isolation of the tooth and removing the material present in the Chamber, with the aid of ultrasonic Insert Smart X 1. Held drilling cleaning using sodium hypochlorite and modeling the canall with the Rotary instrument, the filling was designed with cone of gutta percha and cement AHPlus. With Gates Glidden bur #3 removed the gutta percha drilling level. Then 5 mg of white MTA was handled, according to manufacturer 's recommendations using distilled water in the ratio 1:1 and inserted in a canal endodontic ruler. With the aid of RHEM instrument the material was removed from the canal and inserted in drilling, completing the enclosure. It is concluded in this case that the sealing of drilling with clinical and radiographic success MTA, using the technique of does not avoid inserting rotating instrument. The obturation was performed with gutta percha cone and AHPlus cement. Removed gutta percha with Gates Glidden drill to drill level. Then, 5 mg of white MTA was handled, according to manufacturer 's recommendations using distilled water in the ratio 1: 1. Soon after, it was inserted in the caneleta of an endodontic ruler and with the aid of the instrument of RHEM the material was inserted in the indicated place. It is concluded in this clinical case that the perforation sealing with MTA obtained clinical and radiographic success, using the insertion technique with modified MTA(AU)

Impact of photobiomodulation for oral mucositis on body weight and BMI of patients with head and neck cancer.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the impact of photobiomodulation for oral mucositis on body weight and body mass index (BMI) in head and neck cancer patients. METHODS: Patients were separated into two groups: photobiomodulation (PBM) (n = 17) and SHAM (n = 19). Participants assigned to the PBM group received the photobiomodulation therapy on alternate days at 33 different sites of the oral mucosa (1 J for 10 s per application point) using a low-power aluminum gallium arsenide (AsGaAl) laser device with a maximum output power of 86.7 mW and a wavelength of 660 nm (red). The same protocol was performed in patients allocated in the SHAM group but with the device turned off. At the first and twenty-fourth radiotherapy sessions, participants from both groups underwent an intraoral examination to assess the presence or absence of mucositis using the WHO scale, and measurements of weight and height for BMI calculation were undertaken. RESULTS: All patients had significant differences in weight and BMI throughout the study period. Patients in the PBM group lost less weight (p < 0.01) and had a reduced BMI loss (p < 0.01) in comparison to patients in the SHAM group. Although PBM did not prevent oral mucositis, it decreased its severity (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Photobiomodulation for oral mucositis reduced weight loss and prevented a reduction in BMI in patients who underwent chemoradiotherapy for head and neck cancer. Retrospectively registered at https://data.mendeley.com//datasets/4kd7s49wk4/1 .

Intervenções para doença de Ménière à luz das revisões sistemáticas Cochrane / interventions for illness de Ménière in light of revisions Cochrane systematics

Contextualização: A doença de Ménière é uma síndrome vestibular episódica, relacionada ao acúmulo de endolinfa no ducto coclear e no vestíbulo. A sintomatologia envolve a tríade vertigem, zumbido e perda auditiva, podendo ser incapacitante. Objetivos: Este estudo avaliou a efetividade das intervenções para a doença de Ménière, segundo as revisões sistemáticas da Colaboração Cochrane. Métodos: Trata-se de overview de revisões sistemáticas Cochrane. Procedeu-se à busca na Cochrane Library (2021), sendo utilizado o termo MeSH "vertigo". Todos os estudos relacionados à doença de Ménière foram incluídos. O desfecho primário de análise foi a melhora clínica. Foram avaliados desfechos secundários, sendo a melhora dos parâmetros audiométricos, da qualidade de vida e eventos adversos. Resultados: Sete estudos foram incluídos, totalizando 17 ensaios clínicos randomizados (ECRs) (n = 639 participantes). A utilização de diuréticos, a restrição de sal, cafeína e álcool e a terapia com pressão negativa não apresentaram evidência de efetividade. Houve evidência baixa e limitada para injeção intratimpânica de esteroides e injeção intratimpânica de gentamicina. A evidência foi insuficiente para o tratamento com betaistina e para o tratamento cirúrgico. Os estudos mostraram risco de redução dos níveis auditivos com injeção intratimpânica de gentamicina. Discussão: Houve heterogeneidade e a amostragem não permite concluir atualmente sobre a efetividade de qualquer intervenção proposta. Sugere-se a realização de novos ECRs, de qualidade, seguindo-se as recomendações do CONSORT Statement para melhor elucidação da questão. Conclusão: Não há suporte com bom nível de evidência atualmente para qualquer intervenção terapêutica para a doença de Ménière, à luz das revisões sistemáticas da Cochrane.

Evaluation of microbial contamination in multi-dose fluorescein eyedrops in a reference eye center / Avaliação da contaminação microbiana em colírios multi-dose de fluoresceína em um centro oftalmológico de referência

ABSTRACT Purpose: To analyze the presence of microorganisms in fluorescein eyedrops used in a reference eye center in Recife-PE. Methods: This real-life and masked study evaluated fluorescein eyedrops used at the Altino Ventura Foundation in May 2019. Cultures were performed according to exposure times; I) three eyedrop bottles were analyzed after one day of use, II) three eyedrop bottles after 4 d of use, III) three eyedrop bottles after 8 d of use, and IV) three unopened bottles used as control. Samples were collected from the bottle's tip, instilled drop, and residual fluid. After incubation, all colonies were analyzed and identified through biochemical tests. Results: The contamination rate of the fluorescein eyedrop bottles in this study was 55.5% (5/9 vials). There was no contamination in the control group. The highest contamination was seen in one day exposed eyedrops, in 100% of the bottles. The bottle's tip had a higher rate of contamination compared to the drop and residual fluid. Gram-positive bacteria were isolated in 7/27 (25.9%) samples. Growth of fungi or gram-negative bacteria was not observed. Conclusion: The identification of gram-positive bacteria predominantly on the tip of the fluorescein eyedrop bottles suggests inadequate handling as the main cause of contamination.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar a presença de microrganismos nos colírios de fluoresceína utilizados em um centro oftalmológico de referência em Recife-PE. Métodos: Este estudo de vida real e mascarado avaliou colírios de fluoresceína utilizados na Fundação Altino Ventura em maio/2019. As culturas foram realizadas de acordo com os diferentes tempos de exposição: I - três frascos de colírio foram analisados após 1 dia de uso; II - três frascos de colírio após 4 dias de uso; III - três frascos de colírio após 8 dias de uso; IV - três garrafas fechadas foram usadas como grupo controle. As amostras foram coletadas da ponta do frasco, da gota instilada e do líquido residual interior. Após incubação, todas as colônias foram analisadas e identificadas através de testes bioquímicos. Resultados: A taxa de contaminação dos frascos de colírio de fluoresceína neste estudo foi de 55,5% (5/9 frascos). Não houve contaminação no grupo controle. A maior contaminação foi observada os colírios expostos de um dia - 100% dos frascos. A ponta da garrafa teve uma maior taxa de contaminação em comparação com as culturas de gota e de fluido residual inferior. Bactérias gram-positivas foram isoladas em 7/27 amostras (25,9%). Não houve crescimento de fungos ou bactérias Gram-negativas. Conclusão: A identificação de bactérias Gram-positivas predominantemente na ponta dos frascos de colírio de fluoresceína sugere manuseio inadequado como a principal causa de contaminação de colírios multidose.

The anti-cancer potential of crotoxin in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer: Its effects and mechanism of action.

Estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer is the most diagnosed subtype of breast cancer. Currently, aromatase inhibitors (AIs) are used as first-line treatment option in this type of tumors, however they cause several side effects, which is why new therapeutic approaches are demanding. The South American rattlesnake Crotalus durissus terrificus produces a venom enriched in several bioactive substances, like phospholipases A2 (PLA2). One of those is crotoxin, a ß-neurotoxin, that has already been reported for its anti-cancer properties in different cancers. Recently, its clinical interest has emerged and, in fact, a clinical trial in patients with advanced cancer is underway. Considering this, in this work, we studied the biological mechanisms behind the anti-cancer effects of crotoxin B (CTX) in an ER+ aromatase-overexpressing breast cancer cell line (MCF-7aro cells). Results revealed that CTX impairs MCF-7aro cells growth, through a cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase, inhibition of ERK1/2 pathway and by apoptosis through activation of caspase-8. In addition, it can be considered a safe natural compound as did not affect non-cancerous cells and only showed anti-growth effects in breast cancer cells. Therefore, this study represents an important landmark to better understand the effects and mechanisms of action of crotoxin in ER+ breast cancer.

Oral Tolerance Induced by Heat Shock Protein 65-Producing Lactococcus lactis Mitigates Inflammation in Leishmania braziliensis Infection.

Cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by L. braziliensis induces a pronounced Th1 inflammatory response characterized by IFN-γ production. Even in the absence of parasites, lesions result from a severe inflammatory response in which inflammatory cytokines play an important role. Different approaches have been used to evaluate the therapeutic potential of orally administrated heat shock proteins (Hsp). These proteins are evolutionarily preserved from bacteria to humans, highly expressed under inflammatory conditions and described as immunodominant antigens. Tolerance induced by the oral administration of Hsp65 is capable of suppressing inflammation and inducing differentiation in regulatory cells, and has been successfully demonstrated in several experimental models of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. We initially administered recombinant Lactococcus lactis (L. lactis) prior to infection as a proof of concept, in order to verify its immunomodulatory potential in the inflammatory response arising from L. braziliensis. Using this experimental approach, we demonstrated that the oral administration of a recombinant L. lactis strain, which produces and secretes Hsp65 from Mycobacterium leprae directly into the gut, mitigated the effects of inflammation caused by L. braziliensis infection in association or not with PAM 3CSK4 (N-α-Palmitoyl-S-[2,3-bis(palmitoyloxy)-(2RS)-propyl]-L-cysteine, a TLR2 agonist). This was evidenced by the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines and the expansion of regulatory T cells in the draining lymph nodes of BALB/c mice. Our in vitro experimental results suggest that IL-10, TLR-2 and LAP are important immunomodulators in L. braziliensis infection. In addition, recombinant L. lactis administered 4 weeks after infection was observed to decrease lesion size, as well as the number of parasites, and produced a higher IL-10 production and decrease IFN-γ secretion. Together, these results indicate that Hsp65-producing L. lactis can be considered as an alternative candidate for treatment in both autoimmune diseases, as well as in chronic infections that cause inflammatory disease.

Efficient photodynamic inactivation of Leishmania parasites mediated by lipophilic water-soluble Zn(II) porphyrin ZnTnHex-2-PyP4.

BACKGROUND: Photodynamic inactivation (PDI) is emerging as a promising alternative for cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL). The chemotherapy currently used presents adverse effects and cases of drug resistance have been reported. ZnTnHex-2-PyP4+ is a porphyrin with a high potential as a photosensitizer (PS) for PDI, due to its photophysical properties, structural stability, and cationic/amphiphilic character that can enhance interaction with cells. This study aimed to investigate the photodynamic effects mediated by ZnTnHex-2-PyP4+ on Leishmania parasites. METHODS: ZnTnHex-2-PyP4+ stability was evaluated using accelerated solvolysis conditions. The photodynamic action on promastigotes was assessed by (i) viability assays, (ii) mitochondrial membrane potential evaluation, and (iii) morphological analysis. The PS-promastigote interaction was studied. PDI on amastigotes and the cytotoxicity on macrophages were also analyzed. RESULTS: ZnTnHex-2-PyP4+, under submicromolar concentration, led to immediate inactivation of more than 95% of promastigotes. PDI promoted intense mitochondrial depolarization, loss of the fusiform shape, and plasma membrane wrinkling in promastigotes. Fluorescence microscopy revealed a punctate PS labeling in the parasite cytoplasm. PDI also led to reductions of ca. 64% in the number of amastigotes/macrophage and 70% in the infection index after a single treatment session. No noteworthy toxicity was observed on mammalian cells. CONCLUSIONS: ZnTnHex-2-PyP4+ is stable against demetallation and more efficient as PS than the ethyl analogue ZnTE-2-PyP4+, indicating readiness for evaluation in in vivo studies as an alternative approach to CL. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE: This report highlighted promising photodynamic effects mediated by ZnTnHex-2-PyP4+ on Leishmania parasites, opening up perspectives for applications in CL pre-clinical assays and PDI of other microorganisms.

Real-world data on neoadjuvant endocrine therapy in ER-positive/HER2-negative breast cancer.

PURPOSE: Neoadjuvant endocrine therapy (NET) has been shown to be effective in ER-positive/HER2-negative breast cancer in clinical trials. However, adoption in clinical practice is still limited. Real-world data may provide useful insights into effectiveness, toxicities and quality of care, potentially rendering clinical trial results to the real-world setting. Our purpose was to report real-world data of a cohort of postmenopausal patients submitted to NET. METHODS: This prospective cohort study evaluated 146 postmenopausal female patients with ER-positive/HER2-negative breast cancer treated with NET at three tertiary hospitals between 2016 and 2018. Clinicopathological information were collected prospectively. Preoperative Endocrine Prognostic Index (PEPI) score was calculated for tumors submitted to at least 16 weeks of NET. RESULTS: Median age was 67 years old, and 87.8% had stage I-II disease. Most tumors had histological grade II (76.1%). Median pretreatment Ki67 expression was 10%. Aromatase inhibitor was used in 99.5% of patients, and median treatment duration was 21.0 weeks. No tumor progressed during NET. Breast-conserving surgery was performed in the majority of patients (63.0%), as well as sentinel lymph-node biopsy (76.7%). Pathological complete response rate was 1.0%. 43 patients (29.5%) had PEPI score 0, and 26% had PEPI scores 4-5. Posttreatment Ki67 median expression was 3.0%, and only five tumors (3.4%) showed marked increase in Ki67 expression during treatment. Seven patients (4.8%) had HER2-positive residual disease, and were treated with adjuvant chemotherapy plus trastuzumab. CONCLUSIONS: Our real-world data shows that NET is effective and safe in postmenopausal patients with ER-positive/HER2-negative breast cancer. Postmenopausal status and low-risk luminal tumor features (luminal A-like) should be used as selection criteria to ensure the best results with NET.

Patients compliance to clinical treatment that benefit from the Brazilian National Glaucoma Program / Adesão ao tratamento clínico em pacientes beneficiados pelo Programa Nacional do Glaucoma

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the adherence to clinical glaucoma treatment in patients that benefit from the Brazilian National Glaucoma Program and receive antiglaucomatous eye drops free of charge. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 255 patients that benefit from the Brazilian National Glaucoma Program (BNGP) and were assisted at the Altino Ventura Foundation (FAV), Pernambuco state, Brazil. The Morisky's Adhesion Scale (MAS) was used to evaluate adhesion profile to treatment. Patients with a Morisky's Adhesion score ≥ 6 was considered adherent to treatment. The analyzed variables included sex, educational level, distance from home to the treatment center, number of eye drops used, time since the glaucoma diagnosis, patients' subjective classification of their quality of vision, and prevalence of other comorbidities. Results: A total of 255 patients [167 (65.4%) females] were included in this study with a mean age was 65.9 ± 13.8 years (range, 11-99 years). Adherence to clinical glaucoma treatment was seen in 155 patients (60.8%). Worse adherence to treatment was observed in female patients (p=0.034), with low education level (p=0.046), who presented other comorbidities (p=0.048), living in remote areas (p=0.038), judged their vision as satisfactory (p=0.046), and who were recently diagnosed with glaucoma (p=0.001). Conclusion: 40% of patients who benefited from the Brazilian National Glaucoma Program were not compliant to treatment. Low adhesion rate was mostly seen in female patients, socially vulnerable, living in remote areas, recently diagnosed with glaucoma, using fewer eyedrops, presenting other comorbidities, and in those that considering themselves of having a satisfactory vision.

Resumo Objetivo: Avaliar a adesão ao tratamento clínico do glaucoma em uma população que recebe colírios antiglaucomatosos gratuitamente pelo Programa Nacional do Glaucoma (PNG). Métodos: Estudo transversal que incluiu 255 pacientes inscritos no PNG e acompanhados na Fundação Altino Ventura, Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil. A Escala de Adesão de Morisky (EAM) foi usada para avaliar a adesão ao tratamento. Pacientes que pontuavam ≥ 6 na EAM eram considerados aderentes ao tratamento. As variáveis analisadas incluíram: gênero, escolaridade, distância entre a moradia e o centro de referência, número de colírios utilizados, tempo de diagnóstico de glaucoma, qualidade subjetiva da visão e prevalência de doenças sistêmicas associadas. Resultados: Total de 255 pacientes [167 (65,4%) mulheres] foram incluídos no estudo, com média de idade dos participantes de 65,9 ± 13,8 anos (variação, 11-99 anos). A adesão ao tratamento clínico do glaucoma foi encontrada em 155 pacientes (60,8%). Pior adesão foi identificada em pacientes do sexo feminino (p=0,034), com baixa escolaridade (p=0,046), com outras comorbidades (p=0,048), que moravam longe do centro de tratamento (p=0,038), apresentavam boa qualidade de visão subjetiva (p=0,046) e apresentavam diagnóstico recente de glaucoma (p=0,001). Conclusão: Quarenta por cento (40%) dos pacientes beneficiados do PNG não estão aderentes ao tratamento. A baixa taxa de adesão foi associada a pacientes do sexo feminino, com baixa escolaridade, vivendo longe do centro de tratamento, com diagnóstico recente de glaucoma, em uso de poucos colírios antiglaucomatosos e que apresentavam comorbidades.

ESR1 Mutations Are Not a Common Mechanism of Endocrine Resistance in Patients With Estrogen Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer Treated With Neoadjuvant Aromatase Inhibitor Therapy.

Introduction: Mutations in the ESR1 gene (ESR1m) are important mechanisms of resistance to endocrine therapy in estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) metastatic breast cancer and have been studied as a potential therapeutic target, as well as a predictive and prognostic biomarker. Nonetheless, the role of ESR1m as a possible mechanism of primary endocrine resistance, as well as whether it also occurs in tumors that are resistant to ET administered in early-stage disease as (neo)adjuvant, has not been adequately studied. In this study, we evaluated the prevalence of ESR1m in tumor samples from patients with ER+ breast cancer resistant to neoadjuvant aromatase inhibitor therapy. Methods: We followed a prospective cohort of patients with ER+ HER2- stages II and III breast cancer treated with neoadjuvant endocrine therapy (NET). Tumor samples from patients with a pattern of primary endocrine resistance [defined as a Preoperative Endocrine Prognostic Index (PEPI) score of ≥4] were identified and analyzed for the presence of ESR1m. Results: One hundred twenty-seven patients were included in the cohort, of which 100 (79%) had completed NET and underwent surgery. Among these patients, the PEPI score ranged from 0 to 3 in 70% (70/100), whereas 30% (30/100) had a PEPI score of 4 or more. Twenty-three of these patients were included in the analysis. ESR1 mutations were not identified in any of the 23 patients with early-stage ER+ breast cancer resistant to NET. Discussion: Growing evidence supports the notion that there are different mechanisms for primary and secondary endocrine resistance. Our study suggests that ESR1 mutations do not evolve rapidly and do not represent a common mechanism of primary endocrine resistance in the neoadjuvant setting. Therefore, ESR1m should be considered a mechanism of acquired endocrine resistance in the context of advanced disease. Further research should be conducted to identify factors associated with intrinsic resistance to ET.

Produção científica e elementos conceituais relacionados às condições sanitárias na atenção primária à saúde / Scientific production and conceptual elements related to sanitary conditions in primary health care

Este artigo de revisão teve por objetivo analisar a produção científica sobre condições sanitárias das unidades de saúde da Atenção Primária à Saúde (1999-2013), considerando o perfil da produção e os elementos conceituais relacionados ao tema. Foram utilizadas as bases on-line LILACS, SciELO e MEDLINE, e selecionados 27 artigos. Os estudos selecionados foram realizados no contexto nacional e internacional. Quanto aos aspectos metodológicos, a maioria dos estudos é descritiva, sendo três do tipo revisão. Muitos relacionaram gestão e organização, vigilâncias e processo de trabalho com aspectos gerenciais e operacionais dos serviços de saúde. Quanto aos elementos conceituais, destacam-se: estrutura, qualidade, avaliação, condições de trabalho e capital social, com base em referenciais teóricos, como Starfield e Donabedian, e normativos. Este estudo aponta para o crescente interesse sobre o tema e a possibilidade de utilização de diversas perspectivas para discussão das condições sanitárias e para o estímulo a mudanças que qualifiquem os serviços e as práticas em saúde.

This review article aimed to analyze the scientific production on sanitary conditions of health facilities of Primary Health Care (1999-2013), considering the production profile and the conceptual elements related to the topic. The online databases LILACS, SciELO and MEDLINE were used, and 27 articles were selected. The selected studies were performed in national and international context. As for the methodological aspects, most studies are descriptive, with 3 of them being review studies. Many connected management and organization, surveillance and the process of working with management and operational aspects of health services. As for the conceptual elements, the ones that stand out are: structure, quality evaluation, working conditions and social capital, based on theoretical frameworks, as Starfield and Donabedian and normative. This study show the growing interest in the subject and the possibility of using different perspectives to discuss sanitary conditions and the stimulus to change that qualify services and health practices.

Comportamento da variabilidade da frequência cardíaca e da capacidade funcional de acordo com o tempo de transplante renal / Behavior of variability of heart rate and functional capacity according to renal transplant time

Introdução: Desequilíbrio autonômico, com aumento da atividade simpática e redução da parassimpática, pode ocorrer no transplantado renal, representando forte indicador de risco cardíaco. Objetivo: Avaliar a variabilidade da frequência cardíaca (VFC) e a capacidade funcional dos transplantados renais de acordo com o tempo de transplante renal. Métodos: Série de casos envolvendo transplantados renais divididos em grupos de acordo com a mediana do tempo de transplante renal (158 meses). Foram avaliados a VFC através do Holter por 24 horas, o nível de atividade física (IPAQ) e o desempenho funcional (teste de caminhada de 6 minutos). Resultados: Os indivíduos comportaram-se diferentemente em relação à VFC e à capacidade funcional. No entanto, aqueles com maior tempo de transplante apresentaram maior VFC, eram menos ativos e variaram mais no desempenho funcional. Conclusão: O presente estudo constata a presença de diferenças individuais na VFC e no desempenho funcional entre os transplantados renais de acordo com o tempo de realização do TX.

Introduction: Autonomic imbalance, with increased sympathetic activity and reduction of parasympathetic activity, may occur in the renal transplantation patient, representing a strong indicator of cardiac risk. Objective: To assess heart rate variability (HRV) and functional capacity of kidney transplantation recipients according to the time of transplantation. Methods: A case series involving renal transplant recipients divided into groups according to the median of kidney transplantation time (158 months). HRV was evaluated through 24-hour Holter monitoring, physical activity level (IPAQ) and functional performance (6-minute walk test). Results: The individuals behaved differently in relation to HRV and functional capacity. Those with longer transplantation had higher HRV, were less active and presented more diverse functional performance. Conclusion: The present study notes the presence of individual differences in HRV and functional performance between renal transplants according to the time of TX.

Risco de quedas e qualidade de vida no distúrbio mineral e ósseo da doença renal: estudo transversal / Risk of falls and quality of life in chronic kidney disease patients with mineral and bone disorder: cross-sectional study

Introdução: As anormalidades ósseas em doentes renais crônicos tornam-nos mais propensos a fraturas que a população geral, além da exposição a eventos clínicos relacionados à queda, que podem interferir na qualidade de vida. Objetivo: Avaliar o risco de quedas e qualidade de vida em doentes renais crônicos com distúrbio mineral e ósseo. Métodos: Estudo transversal, envolvendo 50 pacientes classificados em dois grupos: baixa remodelação (n=20) e alta remodelação (n=30). Foram registrados dados sociodemográficos e clínicos, avaliado o risco de quedas (Escala Internacional de Eficácia de Quedas) e a qualidade de vida (Medical Outcomes Study SF-36). Resultados: A prevalência de risco de quedas entre os pacientes de baixa e de alta remodelação foi 65% e 50% respectivamente, além de um maior comprometimento do estado geral de saúde, avaliado pelo SF-36, nos dois grupos. Conclusão: Foi observado risco elevado de quedas com maior comprometimento dos aspectos físicos relacionados à qualidade de vida.

Introduction: Bone abnormalities in chronic kidney patients make them more prone to fractures than the general population, in addition to exposure to clinical events related to fall, which may interfere with their quality of life. Objective: To evaluate the risk of falls and quality of life in chronic kidney patients with mineral and bone disorders. Methods: A cross-sectional study involving 50 patients classified into two groups: low remodeling (n = 20) and high remodeling (n = 30). Sociodemographic and clinical data were recorded, assessing the risk of falls (International Falls Efficiency Scale) and quality of life (Medical Outcomes Study SF-36). Results: The prevalence of risk of falls among low and high remodeling patients was 65% and 50%, respectively, as well as a greater impairment of SF-36 in both groups. Conclusion: There was a high risk of falls with greater impairment of physical aspects related to quality of life.

Quantum dot-Cramoll lectin as novel conjugates to glycobiology.

The optical properties of quantum dots (QDs) make them useful tools for biology, especially when combined with biomolecules such as lectins. QDs conjugated to lectins can be used as nanoprobes for carbohydrate expression analysis, which can provide valuable information about glycosylation changes related to cancer and pathogenicity of microorganisms, for example. In this study, we evaluated the best strategy to conjugate Cramoll lectin to QDs and used the fluorescent labeling of Candida albicans cells as a proof-of-concept. Cramoll is a mannose/glucose-binding lectin with unique biological properties such as immunomodulatory, antiparasitic, and antitumor activities. We probed covalent coupling and adsorption as conjugation strategies at different pH values. QDs conjugated to Cramoll at pH7.0 showed the best labeling efficiency in the fluorescence microscopy analysis. Moreover, QD-Cramoll conjugates remained brightly fluorescent and preserved identical biological activity according to hemagglutination assays. Flow cytometry revealed that approximately 17% of C. albicans cells were labeled after incubation with covalent conjugates, while approximately 92% of cells were labeled by adsorption conjugates (both at pH7.0). Inhibition assays confirmed QD-Cramoll specificity, which reduced the labeling to at most 3%. Therefore, the conjugates obtained by adsorption (pH7.0) proved to be promising and versatile fluorescent tools for glycobiology.

Hemipelvectomy with laparoscopic abdominoperineal excision for epithelioid sarcoma treatment / Hemipelvectomia com amputação laparoscópica do reto para tratamento de sarcoma epitelioide

Abstract The epithelioid sarcoma (ES) is an unusual variant of the sarcoma, not reaching 1% of all soft tissue sarcomas. Initially reported in 1970, it has a more aggressive variant, which was classified as the "proximal-type" in 1997. These are aggressive tumors with high rates of distant metastasis and local relapses. Isolated radio and chemotherapy responses are poor and free-margin surgical resection is the treatment of choice.This is the case report of a 25-year-old male patient diagnosed with "proximal-type" ES in the perineal region. He underwent surgical resection in another institution and was later admitted to our institution with local recurrence with rectal and left thigh muscle invasion. Neoadjuvant radio-chemotherapy was performed, followed by laparoscopic abdominoperineal rectal resection and partial left hemipelvectomy associated with left lower-limb amputation. The patient had no postoperative complications and is currently undergoing outpatient follow-up. The anatomopathological analysis showed tumor-free margins.The "proximal-type" ES is a rare soft-tissue sarcoma subtype. High local recurrence, as well as the metastasis rates, makes its treatment a challenging task.

Resumo O sarcoma epitelióide (SE) é um subtipo incomum de sarcoma, não chegando a 1% dos sarcomas de partes moles. Foi inicialmente descrito em 1970, sendo que em 1997 uma variante mais agressiva foi classificada como "tipo proximal". São tumores agressivos, com altas taxas de metástases e recidiva local, com resposta pobre à quimioterapia e radioterapia isoladas. A ressecção cirúrgica com margens livres é o tratamento padrão.Apresentamos o caso de um paciente de 25 anos com SE tipo proximal avançado em região perineal, submetido a ressecção em outro serviço, evoluindo com recidiva local com invasão do canal anal e musculatura da coxa esquerda. Foi realizado tratamento radioquimioterápico neoadjuvante seguido de ressecção cirúrgica com amputação abdominoperineal do reto por videolaparoscopia associada a hemipelvectomia parcial esquerda incluindo o membro inferior esquerdo (MIE). O paciente apresentou boa evolução pós operatória e encontra-se em segmento ambulatorial. O anatomopatológico evidenciou margens cirúrgicas livres.O SE proximal é um tipo raro de sarcoma de partes moles, cujo tratamento curativo é desafiador, em virtude dos altos índices de recidiva local e metástases à distância.

Association between obesity-related biomarkers and cognitive and motor development in infants.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to verify the association between obesity-related biomarkers and cognitive and motor development in infants between 6 and 24 months of age. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 50 infants and plasma levels of leptin, adiponectin, resistin, soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors 1 and 2 (sTNFR1 and sTNFR2), chemokines, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), serum cortisol and redox status were measured. The Bayley-III test was utilized to evaluate cognitive and motor development, and multiple linear stepwise regression models were performed to verify the association between selected biomarkers and cognitive and motor development. RESULTS: A significant association was found among plasma leptin and sTNFR1 levels with cognitive composite scores, and these two independents variables together explained 37% of the variability of cognitive composite scores (p=0.001). Only plasma sTNFR1 levels were associated and explained 24% of the variability of motor composite scores (p=0.003). CONCLUSIONS: Plasma levels of sTNFR1 were associated with the increase in cognitive and motor development scores in infants between 6 and 24 months of age through a mechanism not directly related to excess body weight. Moreover, increase in plasma levels of leptin reduced the cognitive development in this age range.